A Study of Cold-Air Modification over the Gulf of Mexico Using In Situ Data and Mixed-Layer Modeling

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfu Liu ◽  
John M. Lewis ◽  
Jeanne M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
In Situ Data

scholarly journals Mg ∕ Ca and <i xmlns="">δ</i><sup>18</sup>O in living planktic foraminifers from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 7077-7095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jentzen ◽  
Dirk Nürnberg ◽  
Ed C. Hathorne ◽  
Joachim Schönfeld
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Vital Effects ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Florida Straits

Abstract. Past ocean temperatures and salinities can be approximated from combined stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and Mg ∕ Ca measurements in fossil foraminiferal tests with varying success. To further refine this approach, we collected living planktic foraminifers by net sampling and pumping of sea surface water from the Caribbean Sea, the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Straits. Analyses of δ18O and Mg ∕ Ca in eight living planktic species (Globigerinoides sacculifer, Orbulina universa, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia menardii, Globorotalia ungulata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia tumida) were compared to measured in situ properties of the ambient seawater (temperature, salinity and δ18Oseawater) and fossil tests of underlying surface sediments. “Vital effects” such as symbiont activity and test growth cause δ18O disequilibria with respect to the ambient seawater and a large scatter in foraminiferal Mg ∕ Ca. Overall, ocean temperature is the most prominent environmental influence on δ18Ocalcite and Mg ∕ Ca. Enrichment of the heavier 18O isotope in living specimens below the mixed layer and in fossil tests is clearly related to lowered in situ temperatures and gametogenic calcification. Mg ∕ Ca-based temperature estimates of G. sacculifer indicate seasonal maximum accumulation rates on the seafloor in early spring (March) at Caribbean stations and later in the year (May) in the Florida Straits, related to the respective mixed layer temperatures of ∼26 ∘C. Notably, G. sacculifer reveals a weak positive linear relationship between foraminiferal derived δ18Oseawater estimates and both measured in situ δ18Oseawater and salinity. Our results affirm the applicability of existing δ18O and Mg ∕ Ca calibrations for the reconstruction of past ocean temperatures and δ18Oseawater reflecting salinity due to the convincing accordance of proxy data in both living and fossil foraminifers, and in situ environmental parameters. Large vital effects and seasonally varying proxy signals, however, need to be taken into account.

scholarly journals Southern Ocean Mixed‐Layer Seasonal and Interannual Variations From Combined Satellite and In Situ Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 10042-10060 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Buongiorno Nardelli ◽  
S. Guinehut ◽  
N. Verbrugge ◽  
Y. Cotroneo ◽  
E. Zambianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Ocean Mixed Layer ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Seasonal And Interannual Variations

scholarly journals Characterizing upper-ocean mixing and its effect on the spring phytoplankton bloom with in situ data

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1961-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Brody ◽  
M. Susan Lozier
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Spring Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Active Mixing

Abstract Since publication, the Sverdrup hypothesis, that phytoplankton are uniformly distributed within the ocean mixed layer and bloom once the ocean warms and stratifies in spring, has been the conventional explanation of subpolar phytoplankton spring bloom initiation. Recent studies have sought to differentiate between the actively mixing section of the upper ocean and the uniform-density mixed layer, arguing, as Sverdrup implied, that decreases in active mixing drive the spring bloom. In this study, we use in situ data to investigate the characteristics and depth of active mixing in both buoyancy- and wind-driven regimes and explore the idea that the shift from buoyancy-driven to wind-driven mixing in the late winter or early spring creates the conditions necessary for blooms to begin. We identify the bloom initiation based on net rates of biomass accumulation and relate changes in the depth of active mixing to changes in biomass depth profiles. These analyses support the idea that decreases in the depth of active mixing, a result of the transition from buoyancy-driven to wind-driven mixing, control the timing of the spring bloom.

Some aspects of the oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico using satellite and in situ data

1979 ◽  
Vol 84 (C12) ◽  
pp. 7749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Vukovich ◽  
Bobby W. Crissman ◽  
Mark Bushnell ◽  
William J. King
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
In Situ Data

Measuring Ocean Wave Period and Wave Height With Satellite Altimeters

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Gommenginger ◽  
M. A. Srokosz ◽  
P. G. Challenor ◽  
P. D. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Wave Period ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Geographical Regions

A novel source of ocean wave period information based on satellite altimeters measurements is examined and compared — using monthly mean climatologies — with ECMWF ERA 40 output and NDBC buoy historical records. The altimeter derived wave period appears to perform well in regions dominated by wind seas, including the Southern Ocean, but does not depict the large swell events observed in the ERA 40 output West of South America and Australia. Altimeter wave period compares well in magnitude and variability with NDBC buoy historical records in three geographical regions (Alaska, Gulf of Mexico, Central Pacific), but further validation of the altimeter model is required against in situ data in regions dominated by swell.

scholarly journals Mg / Ca and δ<sup>18</sup>O in living planktic foraminifers from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jentzen ◽  
Dirk Nürnberg ◽  
Ed C. Hathorne ◽  
Joachim Schönfeld
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Vital Effects ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Florida Straits

Abstract. Past ocean temperatures and salinities are successfully approximated from combined stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and Mg / Ca measurements in fossil foraminiferal tests. To further refine this approach, we collected living planktic foraminifers by net sampling and pumping of seasurface waters from the Caribbean Sea, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and Florida Straits. Analyses of δ18O and Mg / Ca in eight living planktic species (Globigerinoides sacculifer, Orbulina universa, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia menardii, Globorotalia ungulata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia tumida) were compared to measured in situ properties of the ambient seawater (temperature, salinity and δ18Oseawater) and fossil tests of underlying surface sediments. "Vital effects" such as symbiont activity and test growth cause δ18O disequilibria to the ambient seawater and a large scatter in foraminiferal Mg / Ca. Overall, ocean temperature is the most prominent environmental influence on δ18Ocalcite and Mg / Ca. Enrichment of the heavier δ18 isotope in living specimens below the mixed layer and in fossil tests are clearly related to lowered in situ temperatures and gametogenic calcification. Mg / Ca-based temperature estimates of G. sacculifer indicate seasonal maximum accumulation rates on the seafloor in early spring (March) at Caribbean stations and later in the year (May) in the Florida Straits, related to the respective mixed layer temperatures of ~ 26 °C. Notably, G. sacculifer reveals a positive linear relationship between foraminiferal derived δ18Oseawater estimates and both measured in situ δ18Oseawater and salinity. Our results affirm the applicability of existing δ18O and Mg / Ca calibrations for the reconstruction of past ocean temperatures and δ18Oseawater reflecting salinity due to the convincing accordance of proxy data in both living and fossil foraminifers, and in situ environmental parameters. Large "vital effects" and seasonally varying proxy signals, however, need to be taken into account.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Ekaterina Balashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

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